Dewatering Oil Sands Tailings with Degradable Polymer Flocculants.

We synthesized hydrolytically degradable cationic polymers by micellar radical polymerization of a short-chain polyester macromonomer, polycaprolactone choline iodide ester methacrylate (PCL2 ChMA) with two polyester units, and used them to flocculate oil sands mature fine tailings (MFT). We evaluated the flocculation performance of the homopolymer and copolymers with 30 mol % acrylamide (AM) by measuring initial settling rate (ISR), supernatant turbidity, and capillary suction time (CST) of the sediments. Flocculants made with trimethylaminoethyl methacrylate chloride (TMAEMC), the monomer corresponding to PCLn ChMA with n = 0, have improved performance over poly(PCL2 ChMA) at equivalent loadings due to their higher charge density per gram of polymer. However, MFT sediments flocculated using the PCL2 ChMA-based polymers are easier to dewater (up to an 85% reduction in CST) after accelerated hydrolytic degradation of the polyester side chains. This study demonstrates the potential of designing cationic polymers that effectively flocculate oil sands tailings ponds, and also further dewater the resulting solids through polymer degradation.