Carotid Endarterectomy in Patients With Thrombocytopenia: Analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Registry.

BACKGROUND: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is infrequently performed in patients with mild to moderate thrombocytopenia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether preoperative thrombocytopenia is associated with a higher rate of complications after CEA.

METHODS: We analyzed patient characteristics, comorbid conditions, operative details, and 30-day postoperative outcomes for patients who underwent CEA in the CEA-targeted American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Registry. Thrombocytopenia was defined based on the preprocedure platelet count of ≤150  000 platelets/μL. The odds ratios (ORs) for selected outcomes were calculated using logistic regression with stepwise forward selection with age, sex, symptomatic status, and high-risk individuals as potential confounders.

RESULTS: Thrombocytopenia was present in 896 of 8658 patients (10.3%) who underwent CEA: mild (100 000-149 000 platelets/μL) and moderate (50 000-99 000 platelets/μL) in 805 patients (89.8%) and 91 patients (10.2%), respectively. The adjusted rates of myocardial infarction/arrhythmia (3.7% vs 1.8%; OR: 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3-2.8; P = .001), unplanned intubations (2.6% vs 1.2%; OR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.4-3.5; P = .001), ventilator requirement >48 hours (1.5% vs 0.7%; OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1-3.8; P = .02), deep venous thrombosis/thrombophlebitis (0.7% vs 0.2%; OR: 3.7; 95% CI: 1.4-9.7; P = .01), and surgical deep incisional infections (0.3% vs 0.1%; OR: 4.3; 95% CI: 1.1-17.4; P = .04) post-CEA were higher among patients with thrombocytopenia compared with those without thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia did not significantly contribute to 1-month mortality or stroke.

CONCLUSION: The higher rate of postprocedure complications in patients with preoperative thrombocytopenia needs to be recognized for adequate risk stratification before CEA.