Fabrication and characterization of a 3D bioprinted nanoparticle-hydrogel hybrid device for biomimetic detoxification.

A biomimetic micro/nanodevice is 3D bioprinted using polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel as the supporting platform, along with the red blood cell (RBC) membrane-coated nanoparticles (RBC-NPs) encapsulated in the hydrogel as the detoxification mechanism. RBC-NPs are prepared through a nanoprecipitation and coating method and then mixed into the poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) monomer solution for 3D bioprinting through photopolymerization. This resulting detoxification device is engineered with multiple inner channels for the RBC-NPs to nonspecifically soak up the various toxins flowing through the channels. Different shapes (i.e. star or triangle) of the channel are fabricated, each with a larger surface area than the generic circle shape. The device is characterized for microstructure, nanoparticle encapsulation and function, and its detoxification ability. Overall, the strategy of incorporating functional nanoparticles into a biocompatible hydrogel as the supporting platform may enable localized, patient specific controlled therapeutics for detoxification, drug delivery, and other precision medicine application.