Dietary patterns as a red flag for higher risk of eating disorders among female teenagers with and without type I diabetes mellitus : Adolescents with type I diabetes mellitus are a risk factor for eating disorders: a case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Female adolescents with type I diabetes mellitus (TIDM) have an increased risk of developing eating disorders (ED) due to the dietary recommendations.

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the association between dietary intake and increased risk of ED.

METHODS: Case-control study with 50 T1DM female adolescents (11-16 years) and 100 healthy peers (CG). Measures included food frequency questionnaire (FFQ-PP), Child-EDE.12, economic and anthropometric data.

RESULTS: Comparing female adolescents with T1DM vs CG, the first had higher intake of: bread, cereal, rice, and pasta (29.7 vs 23.8%, p = 0.001), vegetables (6.5 vs 2.8%, p < 0.001), milk yogurt and cheese (9.9 vs 7.6%, p = 0.032), fat, and oils (8.2 vs 5.9%, p = 0.003), besides higher fiber intake (19.2 vs 14.7%, p = 0.006) and lower consumption of sweets (13.6 vs 30.7%, p < 0.001). No differences on ED psychopathology (Child-EDE subscales and global score) were found between groups. In unadjusted association between the ED psychopathology and dietary intake, a diet rich in fiber was significantly associated with both the global and eating concern scores. Among CG, increased intake of meat, poultry, fish, and eggs and decreased bread, cereal, rice, and pasta consumption were significantly associated with higher ED psychopathology. When BMI and age are adjusted, the association between fiber intake and ED psychopathology is no longer significant among diabetic participants; however, in the CG, this association remains.

CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that an association between dietary intake and ED psychopathology might exist in female adolescents with and without TIDM and that careful evaluation of the dietary profile and risk of developing an ED should be considered in clinical practice.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, case-control study.