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LIVER FUNCTION TESTS IN PREDICTING CBD STONES IN ACUTE BILIARY PANCREATITIS.

BACKGROUND: Acute biliary pancreatitis is a significant cause of pancreatitis. The role and timing of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the setting of acute biliary pancreatitis is still controversial. Persistent choledocholithiasis in acute biliary pancreatitis occurs and establishing which patients require an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography based on liver function tests only can be challenging.

METHOD: Retrospective analysis of the Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital's ERCP database was performed. All ERCPs performed in patients with acute biliary pancreatitis were identified and analysed.

RESULTS: A total of 2830 ERCPs were performed during the study period. In total 99 (3%) were performed for suspected choledocholithiasis in acute biliary pancreatitis with abnormal liver function tests. Thirty (30%) of the ERCPs confirmed choledocholithiasis while the remaining 69 (70%) yielded no choledocholithiasis. A significantly higher proportion of patients with choledocholithiasis required a needle knife sphincterotomy for deep biliary cannulation. The incidence of immediate complications, such as bleeding, false tract formation and perforation were comparable between the two groups. Two models were developed to determine specific cut-off values for conjugated bilirubin, ALP, GGT, AST and ALT. The calculated cut-off values yielded poor correlation between sensitivity and specificity.

CONCLUSION: Determining persistent choledocholithiasis in acute biliary pancreatitis based on liver function test alone is not ideal. Using conjugated bilirubin, ALP, GGT, AST and ALT to guide one to perform an ERCP in acute biliary pancreatitis can be misleading.

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