Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on carotid intima-media thickness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: A meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), an early marker of atherosclerosis. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the first-line treatment for OSA. A meta-analysis was performed to determine whether CPAP therapy could decrease carotid IMT.

METHODS: The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane library were searched before March, 2017. Weighted mean difference (WMD) was calculated to estimate the treatment effects of pre and post-CPAP therapy. Seven studies were examined and the meta-analysis was performed using STATA 12.0.

RESULTS: There was no change of carotid IMT before and after CPAP treatment in OSA patients (WMD = 0.052, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.002 to 0.105, z = 1.90, p = 0.057). Meanwhile, meta-analysis of the two RCTs showed that carotid IMT was not changed in CPAP group when compared with control group (WMD = 0.002 95% CI = -0.125 to 0.129, z = 0.03, p = 0.976). Subgroup analyses indicated that carotid IMT was significantly decreased after CPAP use in more severe OSA patients (AHI≥50) (WMD = 0.073, 95% CI = 0.022 to 0.124, z = 2.80, p = 0.005) and patients with therapeutic duration ≥6 months (WMD = 0.121, 95% CI = 0.019 to 0.223, z = 2.32, p = 0.021).

CONCLUSIONS: CPAP had no impact on carotid IMT in OSA patients. However, carotid IMT was significantly decreased after CPAP treatment in more severe OSA patients and patients with longer CPAP usage.