A heart-coronary arteries structure of carbon nanofibers/graphene/silicon composite anode for high performance lithium ion batteries.

In an animal body, coronary arteries cover around the whole heart and supply the necessary oxygen and nutrition so that the heart muscle can survive as well as can pump blood in and out very efficiently. Inspired by this, we have designed a novel heart-coronary arteries structured electrode by electrospinning carbon nanofibers to cover active anode graphene/silicon particles. Electrospun high conductive nanofibers serve as veins and arteries to enhance the electron transportation and improve the electrochemical properties of the active "heart" particles. This flexible binder free carbon nanofibers/graphene/silicon electrode consists of millions of heart-coronary arteries cells. Besides, in the graphene/silicon "hearts", graphene network improves the electrical conductivity of silicon nanopaticles, buffers the volume change of silicon, and prevents them from directly contacting with electrolyte. As expected, this novel composite electrode demonstrates excellent lithium storage performance with a 86.5% capacity retention after 200 cycles, along with a high rate performance with a 543 mAh g(-1) capacity at the rate of 1000 mA g(-1).