Obesity in Survivors of Childhood Cancer: a Review.

Obesity is a late effect of antineoplastic treatment in childhood cancer survivors and this correlates with chronic complications. This review examines the data currently available to health professionals, for increasing awareness and identifying strategies to address the treatment and prevention of late effects. The mechanism involved in the pathophysiology of obesity remains unclear. However, damage to the hypothalamus and endocrine disorders (e.g. insulin and leptin resistance) and a positive energetic balance may play a role in increasing obesity rates. A patient's diet during, and after treatment may also influence the weight of survivors. Implementation of an effective educational program by professionals during all stages of treatment enables children to obtain basic knowledge regarding food and nutrition, thereby encouraging them to take responsibility for developing healthy eating behaviors.