Prevalence and characteristics of inhalational and dermal palytoxin exposures reported to the National Poison Data System in the U.S.

INTRODUCTION: Palytoxin, produced by unicellular microalgae, is one of the most potent toxins known. Human exposure results most prominently through oral, dermal, and inhalational contact. There is no current data on the prevalence of cases in the United States.

METHODS: This study reviewed human inhalational and dermal exposures to palytoxin via records from the National Poison Data System from 2000 to 2014.

RESULTS: There were 171 cases reported, the majority occurred at a residence and experienced minor respiratory or dermal symptoms and recovered without any major sequelae or fatalities. Ten patients required admission to an intensive care unit.

CONCLUSION: The incidence of palytoxin exposure is low but significant symptoms can occur.