Effectiveness of Smartphone Devices in Promoting Physical Activity and Exercise in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review.

The objectives of this systematic review were to analyse existing evidence on the efficacy of smartphone devices in promoting physical activity (PA) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to identify the validity and precision of their measurements. A systematic review was undertaken across nine electronic databases: WOS Core Collection, PubMed, CINAHL, AMED, Academic Search Complete, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, SciELO, LILACS and ScienceDirect. Randomized and non-randomized controlled clinical trials were identified. To obtain additional eligible articles, the reference lists of the selected studies were also checked. Eligibility criteria and risk of bias were assessed by two independent authors. A total of eight articles met eligibility criteria. The studies were focused on promoting PA (n  =  5) and the precision of device measurements (n = 3). The effectiveness of smartphones in increasing PA level (steps/day) at short and long term is very limited. Mobile-based exercise programs reported improvements in exercise capacity (i.e. incremental Shuttle-Walk-Test) at short and long term (18.3% and 21%, respectively). The precision of device measurements was good-to-excellent (r = 0.69-0.99); however, these data should be interpreted with caution due to methodological limitations of studies. The effectiveness of smartphone devices in promoting PA levels in patients with COPD is scarce. Further high-quality studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of smartphone devices in promoting PA levels. Registration number: CRD42016050048.