Association between remote major venous thromboembolism risk factors and the risk of recurrence after a first unprovoked episode.

Essentials Is remote exposure to major venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk factor related to lower recurrence? We analyzed data from the REVERSE study, a cohort of patients with no recent major risk factor. We found no association between remote risk factors and the risk of recurrence. Patients with remote VTE risk factor should be managed as having had an unprovoked VTE.

SUMMARY: Background It has been shown that the risk of recurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is significantly lower when provoked by a major risk factor such as surgery or trauma compared with an event that was unprovoked. Objectives In this study we aimed to assess the association between remote exposure (3-12 months prior to VTE) to major VTE risk factors and the risk of recurrent VTE. Methods This was a post-hoc analysis of the REVERSE study, a prospective cohort of 646 patients with a first VTE, not provoked by a recent (< 3 months) major risk factor. Results We found no difference in the recurrence rate in patients with or without remote exposure to major VTE risk factors, including immobilization (hazard-ratio [HR], 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.7-2.6), surgery (HR, 0.8; 0.3-1.9) and trauma (HR, 1.3; 0.5-3.6). Conclusion None of the tested risk factors were associated with a lower risk of recurrence during follow-up. Patients with remote exposure to major risk factors at the time of a first VTE should not be managed differently from patients with no VTE risk factors.