Recurrent urinary tract infections in patients with incomplete bladder emptying: is there a role for intravesical therapy?

The goal of this review article is to discuss the etiology of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in individuals with impaired bladder emptying, evaluate existing studies regarding UTI prevention strategies in this population, and explore the published experiences with intravesical therapy for the prevention and treatment of recurrent UTIs in patients performing clean intermittent catheterization (CIC). We will also describe the intravesical antibiotic protocol utilized at our institution.