Advantages of external hybrid fixators for treating Schatzker V-VI tibial plateau fractures: A retrospective study of 40 cases.

INTRODUCTION: Proximal tibia fractures make up 1% of all fractures in adults. The fractures classified as Schatzker V and VI fractures can compromise knee structure and function. They are challenging to treat and often have complications. While plate fixation is the gold standard, the resulting infection rate has led us to favor external hybrid fixation. The aims of this study were to assess the radiographic and functional outcomes along with the complication rate when using this method and to compare them to historical plate fixation data.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 40 patients. The complications, quality of reduction, IKS, Lysholm and Rasmussen functional scores at the latest follow-up and factors affecting the functional outcome were evaluated. These parameters were compared to published results from plate fixation studies.

RESULTS: The deep infection rate was 2.5%. The union rate was 80%. Satisfactory reduction was obtained in 70% of cases; however, 52% of patients had malunion. The mean IKS score was 73.74, the mean Rasmussen score was 22.85 and the mean Lysholm score was 75.53. Age, reduction at latest follow-up, mechanical axis and anteroposterior laxity had a significant effect on the functional outcome.

DISCUSSION: Despite the malunion rate being higher than other studies, the functional outcomes were nearly identical based on the variables measured. There are several advantages associated with using a hybrid external fixator: shorter operative time, less bleeding, shorter hospital stays and lower infection rate.

CONCLUSION: Hybrid external fixation is a reliable fracture fixation method that leads to satisfactory functional outcomes, while reducing the infection rate and allowing arthroplasty to be performed in the future if needed.