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Breastfeeding duration is inversely associated with asthma in Japanese children aged 3 years.

OBJECTIVE: Recent meta-analyses found an inverse relationship between breastfeeding duration and asthma in children. The present cross-sectional study investigated the associations between breastfeeding duration and the prevalence of wheeze and asthma in Japanese children aged 3 years.

METHODS: Subjects were 6412 children who participated in the Kyushu Okinawa Child Health Study. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Wheeze was defined according to the criteria of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Asthma was considered present if the child had been diagnosed by a physician as having asthma. Associations of breastfeeding duration with wheeze and asthma were estimated using multivariate generalized estimating equation methods adjusted for maternal, family, and health characteristics.

RESULTS: The prevalence values of wheeze and asthma were 19.5% and 7.0%, respectively. Compared with <4 months of exclusive breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding for ≥4 months was not significantly associated with wheeze or asthma. Compared with <10 months of breastfeeding duration regardless of exclusivity, 10 to <14 months, 14 to <19 months, and 19 months or more of breastfeeding duration regardless of exclusivity were independently inversely related to asthma: the adjusted odds ratios [ORs; 95% confidence intervals (CIs)] were 0.69 (0.52-0.91, p = 0.01), 0.73 (0.56-0.97, p = 0.03), and 0.67 (0.51-0.88, p = 0.004), respectively. No association was found between breastfeeding duration regardless of exclusivity and wheeze.

CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed an inverse association between breastfeeding duration regardless of exclusivity and asthma.

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