Pulmonary Involvement in Systemic Vasculitis.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this study is to describe the most relevant advances concerning lung involvement in the ANCA-associated vasculitides (excluding eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis which may have different disease mechanisms). Focus is on pathophysiology, recent important imagenological procedures, treatment, and outcome.

RECENT FINDINGS: Emerging information exists on potential newly investigated diagnostic procedures (v.g. transbronchial cryobiopsies), detailed tomographic abnormalities, the potential favorable role of rituximab and the still uncertain one of plasma exchange in the treatment, and the increasing description of interstitial lung disease. Survival is reduced in case of both, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and diffuse parenchymal disease. There is the need to expand the knowledge concerning better long-term treatment options with specific regimes, and to incorporate other measures regarding integral treatment in patients afflicted with lung involvement these maladies, as the outcome seems adverse in this scenario.