In Silico Prediction of Antibiotic Resistance in Mycobacterium ulcerans Agy99 through Whole Genome Sequence Analysis.

Buruli ulcer is an emerging infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans that has been reported from 33 countries. Antimicrobial agents either alone or in combination with surgery have been proved to be clinically relevant and therapeutic strategies have been deduced mainly from the empirical experience. The genome sequences of M . ulcerans strain AGY99, M. ulcerans ecovar liflandii, and three Mycobacterium marinum strains were analyzed to predict resistance in these bacteria. Fourteen putative antibiotic resistance genes from different antibiotics classes were predicted in M. ulcerans and mutation in kat G (R431G) and pnc A (T47A, V125I) genes were detected, that confer resistance to isoniazid and pyrazinamide, respectively. No mutations were detected in rpoB , gyr A, gyr B, rps L, rrs , emb , eth A, 23S ribosomal RNA genes and promoter region of inh A and ahp C genes associated with resistance. Our results reemphasize the usefulness of in silico analysis for the prediction of antibiotic resistance in fastidious bacteria.