Towards the centralization of digestive oncologic surgery: changes in activity, techniques and outcome.

AIM: The objective of the present study was to examine changes in the activity, surgical techniques and results from the process of centralization of complex digestive oncologic surgery in 2005-2012 as compared to 1996-2000.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study employing the minimum basic data set of hospital discharge (MBDSHD 1996-2012) from public centers in Catalonia (Spain) was performed. The population consisted of individuals aged > 18 who underwent digestive oncologic surgery (esophagus, pancreas, liver, stomach or rectum). Medical centers were divided into low, medium, and high-volume centers (≤ 5, 6-10, and > 10 interventions/year, respectively). The tendency Chi-squared test was used to assess the centralization of patients in high-volume centers and hospital mortality evolution during the study period. Logistic regression was performed to assess the relationship between volume and outcome.

RESULTS: A centralization of complex oncologic digestive surgery between 10% (liver) and 46% (esophagus) was obtained by means of a reduction in the number of hospitals that perform these interventions and a significant rise in the number of patients operated in high-volume centers (all types p ≤ 0.0001, except for esophagus). A significant decrease in mortality was observed, especially in esophagus (from 15% in 1996/2000 to 7% in 2009/12, p = 0.003) and pancreas (from 12% in 1996/2000 to 6% in 2009/12, p trend < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS: A centralization of oncologic digestive surgery in high-volume centers and a reduction of hospital mortality in Catalonia were reported among esophageal and pancreatic cancers. However, no significant changes were found for others cancer types.