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Therapeutic interventions of tissue specific autoimmune onset in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a female predominant autoimmune disease. The onset of SLE has been found to affect kidney, bone, cardiovascular and central nervous system. Auto activation of B cells and T helper cells together are known to develop self-reactive immune responses in SLE. The therapy still includes corticosteroids to prevent allergic manifestations and inflammatory immune responses. Recent observations suggested that, mycophenolate mofetil and cyclophosphamide treatment in combination with corticosteroids have benefit to control disease manifestations. The prospects of B cell depletion by CD20 targeted monoclonal antibody Rituximab have been demonstrated in SLE patients. While, CD52 specific Alemtuzumab is a proposition for another therapeutic monoclonal antibody for SLE. The drug Belimumab inhibits B cell activation by altering BAFF/APRIL signal cascade. Recent discovery of the CD22 targeted Epratuzumab also shows therapeutic prospect for SLE. The ongoing investigations also include search for inhibitors of CD40-CD40L interactions, CD86 activation and inhibition of transcriptional regulation mechanism of NF-κBp65 for new treatment strategy. Keeping a close eye on the mechanism, a comprehensive view is provided on recent therapy of systemic lupus erythematosus.

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