Correlation between early revascularization and major cardiac events demonstrated by ischemic myocardium in Japanese patients with stable coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND: There is no report on correlation between early revascularization and the occurrence of major cardiac events (MCEs) except severe heart failure in Japanese patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aimed to determine whether early revascularization affected the incidence of MCEs in Japanese patients with stable CAD.

METHODS: We retrospectively investigated 3581 stable CAD patients who underwent rest 201 Tl and stress 99m Tc-tetrofosmin myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and provided three-year-prognostic data. The endpoint was the onset of MCEs consisting of cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and unstable angina pectoris. On the basis of estimated propensity scores, patients who underwent revascularization within the first 60 days after the SPECT and those who did not were matched in a 1:1 ratio (n=450 per group). We compared MCE rates in relation to the amount of ischemic myocardium detected with the SPECT between the two groups.

RESULTS: The overall incidence of MCEs was not significantly different between the early-revascularization and no-early-revascularization groups (6.7% vs. 8.7%, p=0.2598). Nevertheless, the incidence of MCEs in the patients with ≤5% ischemia was significantly higher in the early-revascularization group than in the no-early-revascularization group (5.8% vs. 0.8%, p=0.0226). In contrast, the incidence of MCEs in the patients with >10% ischemia was significantly lower in the early-revascularization group than in the no-early-revascularization group (7.0% vs. 16.8%, p=0.0036). The incidence of MCEs in the patients with 6-10% ischemia, however, was not significantly different between the early-revascularization and no-early-revascularization groups (6.9% vs. 4.1%, p=0.3235).

CONCLUSIONS: Early revascularization possibly leads to the occurrence of MCEs related to the treatment procedure but may be a therapeutic strategy leading to improvement in prognosis in patients with moderate to severe ischemia.