Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Diazaspiro Hydantoins as Potential Anticonvulsants.

BACKGROUND: Epilepsy, one of the most frequent neurological afflictions in man characterized by excessive temporary neuronal discharges resulting in uncontrolled convulsion, requires special medical attention. Though several new anticonvulsants are introduced, some types of seizures are still not adequately treated with current therapy. Toxicity, intolerance, and lack of efficacy for certain types of seizure are some of the limitations of the current medications.

METHODS: Maximal electroshock (MES) seizure model was used in the present study to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of the drugs. Seizures were induced in ten weeks old male Wistar rats (200-220 g) by delivering electro shock of 150 mA for 0.2 sec by means of a convulsiometer through a pair of ear clip electrodes. The test compounds (1-10, 100 mg/kg) were administered by oral route 30 mins before the maximal electroshock seizure test by suspending in carboxymethylcellulose (1%). The animals were observed closely for 2 mins. The percentage of inhibition of seizure relative to control was recorded and calculated. Phenytoin (100 mg/kg, p.o) was used as a standard drug. The data was analysed by using one way ANOVA followed by dunnett's test.

RESULTS: In our present series of compounds the active compounds possess all the requirements essential for anticonvulsant activity as proposed by Dimmock and others. In this study, it reveals that, compounds showing anticonvulsant activity with more lipophilic N-substitution group are more active than hydrophobic substitution in the hydantoin ring. The rapid onset of action is believed to be due to the substitution of more lipophilic propyl group in the N-substitution in the hydantoin moiety. Evidently, this distal hydrophobic centre alters the bioavailability of the molecules.

CONCLUSION: The results are encouraging and show that, the hydantoins are more potential molecules for the treatment of anticonvulsant. Anticonvulsants have greatly improved the lives of people with epilepsy. Approximately 70% of patients can achieve complete freedom from seizures with appropriate treatment. Lipophilicity appears to govern the MES activity. If there is lipophilic moiety, then MES activity is favoured. All the compounds have shown promising and significant protective effect on maximal electroshock induced seizures when compared to vehicle treated control rats.