Polypoid arteriovenous malformation of the ureter mimicking a fibroepithelial polyp, a case report.

BACKGROUND: Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of the urinary tract are extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, only three case of AVM of the ureter have been described in the literature so far.

CASE PRESENTATION: We present an additional, fourth case of an AVM of the ureter, clinically presented as asymptomatic haematuria and an obstructive process in the left ureter. Ureteroscopic evaluation revealed a fibroepithelial polypoid-like lesion in the proximal ureter. After biopsy showed a benign lesion, the lesion was treated with the 2-μm continuous wave (cw) thulium laser. Histopathological examination revealed a polypoid laesion caused by a circumscribed arteriovenous malformation. Almost four years after operation the patient remains asymptomatic and free of recurrence.

CONCLUSION: Arteriovenous malformations of the urinary tract are extremely rare. We presented a fourth case of a arteriovenous malformation of the ureter.