A high-speed electro-optic triple-microring resonator modulator.

The coupling intensity modulator based on a triple-microring structure was proposed and numerically investigated for a high speed and a low bit error ratio (BER) operation. The modulator consists of a dual-microring optical cavity and a gate-microring energy feedback path. The optical cavity ensures a high energy storing efficiency, and the feedback path enables modulation with little intracavity energy decay. The bandwidth of 103 GHz and modulation depth of 6.2 dB at 2.0 Vpp were theoretically verified by the analysis of the sinusoidal modulation performance. Pulse modulation resulted in a data rate of 160 Gbps, an extinction ratio of 16.84 dB, and a BER of 1 × 10(-8). The proposed modulator is applicable for compact, high-speed, and low-energy photonic integration.