Arthroscopic Joint Preservation in Severe Glenohumeral Arthritis Using Interpositional Human Dermal Allograft.

PURPOSE: To investigate the outcomes of arthroscopic glenoid resurfacing (AGR) for severe glenohumeral arthritis at short- to medium-term follow-up.

METHODS: We performed a multicenter retrospective review of consecutive patients undergoing AGR (2005-2013) with a minimum of 2 years' follow-up or until revision. Patients lost to follow-up and those included in a prior study were excluded. The indications for AGR were severe primary shoulder osteoarthritis without significant bone loss in younger, higher-demand patients. Outcome measures included revision, pain and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores, and range of motion. Exact logistic regression was used to assess preoperative risk factors for revision.

RESULTS: Forty-three shoulders with an average of 60 months' clinical follow-up underwent AGR. The rate of revision to prosthetic arthroplasty was 23% (95% confidence interval [CI], 12%-39%) after a mean of 45 months. The visual analog scale pain score (0-10) improved from a median of 7 to 2 (median difference [Δ], 4 [95% CI, 3-6]; P < .0001), representing pain relief similar to total shoulder arthroplasty in young patients. Improvements in the median ASES score (from 47 to 76; Δ, 28 [95% CI, 17-40]; P < .0001), active forward elevation (from 110° to 140°; Δ, 20° [95% CI, 10°-35°]; P < .0001), and active external rotation (from 0° to 20°; Δ, 10° [95% CI, 5°-20°]; P < .0001) were noted. The mean age of revised shoulders (60 years [95% CI, 54-66 years]) was higher than that of surviving shoulders (53 years [95% CI, 50-57 years], P = .005). The preoperative ASES score of revised shoulders (34 [95% CI, 27-42]) was lower than that of surviving shoulders (47 [95% CI, 43-51], P = .006). No complications were noted.

CONCLUSIONS: AGR with dermal allograft is a safe option for joint preservation in selected patients, provides pain relief, and has an acceptable rate of revision to prosthetic arthroplasty at short-term to midterm follow-up. Increased age and lower preoperative ASES score were risk factors for failure of AGR.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic case series.