JOURNAL ARTICLE
OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
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Customized acrylic implants for reconstruction of extensive skull defects: an exception approach for selected patients.

Objective: : to present our experience in the surgical treatment of extensive skullcap defects with customized acrylic implants.

Methods: : we conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with extensive skull defects undergoing acrylic cranioplasties between 2004 and 2013. We carefully selected all patients and classified surgical results based on three scales (craniofacial esthetics, improvement of facial symmetry and need for additional surgery).

Results: : fifteen patients underwent cranioplasty with intraoperative acrylic implants, whether manually customized (46.67%) or made with prototyped three-dimensional biomodels (53.33%). There were two (13.33%) complications (one infection with implant withdrawal and one seroma). We considered the craniofacial aesthetics excellent (50%), the degree of improvement of craniofacial symmetry satisfactory (57.14%), and the overall mean of surgical results according to the need for new surgeries was 1.5±0.52.

Conclusion: : cranioplasties of patients with extensive skullcap defects should obey careful and predetermined criteria, both for selection and for the acrylic implant customization method.

Objetivo: : apresentar nossa experiência no tratamento cirúrgico dos defeitos extensos da calota craniana com implantes de acrílico customizados.

Métodos:: análise retrospectiva de pacientes com defeitos extensos da calota craniana submetidos à cranioplastias com acrílico entre 2004 e 2013. Todos os pacientes foram criteriosamente selecionados e os resultados cirúrgicos foram classificados com base em três escalas (estética craniofacial, melhora da simetria facial e necessidade de cirurgia adicional).

Resultados:: Quinze pacientes foram submetidos à cranioplastia com implantes de acrílico customizados manualmente no intraoperatório (46,67%) e confeccionados com base em biomodelos tridimensionais prototipados (53,33%). Mesmo respeitando critérios de seleção, houve duas (13,33%) complicações (infecção com retirada do implante e seroma). A estética craniofacial foi considerada excelente (50%), o grau de melhora da simetria craniofacial foi considerado satisfatório (57,14%) e a média global dos resultados cirúrgicos de acordo com a necessidade de novas cirurgias foi 1,5±0,52.

Conclusão:: as cranioplastias dos pacientes com defeitos da calota craniana extensos devem ser criteriosamente indicadas, obedecendo a critérios pré-determinados de seleção dos pacientes, bem como, do método de customização do implante de acrílico.

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