Tobacco Smoke Constituents Trigger Cytoplasmic Calcium Release.

Cytosolic Ca(2+) is a universal second messenger that is involved in many processes throughout the body, including the regulation of cell growth/cell division, apoptosis, and the secretion of both ions, and macromolecules. Tobacco smoke exerts multiple effects on airway epithelia and we have previously shown that Kentucky reference cigarette smoke exposure elevated the second messenger Ca(2+), leading to dysfunctional ion secretion. In this study, we tested whether little cigar and commercial cigarette smoke exposure exerts similar effects on intracellular Ca(2+) levels. Indeed, Swisher Sweets, Captain Black, and Cheyenne little cigars, as well as Camel, Marlboro, and Newport cigarettes, triggered a comparable increase in intracellular Ca(2+) as seen with Kentucky reference cigarettes in human bronchial epithelia. We also found that Kentucky reference cigarette smoke exposure caused increases in Ca(2+) in HEK293T cells and that similar increases in Ca(2+) were seen with the tobacco smoke metabolites 1-NH2-naphthalene, formaldehyde, nicotine, and nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone. Given the large number of physiological processes governed by changes in cytosolic Ca(2+), our data suggest that Ca(2+) signaling is a useful and reproducible assay that can be used to probe the propensity of tobacco products and their constituents to cause toxicity.