Prevention and Management of Acute Kidney Injury: What a Physician Should Know.

The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) has been increasing worldwide. The increase is attributable not only to ageing population with multiple comorbidities, polypharmacy, increasing use of contrast for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures but also to the fact that now it is being recognized more often. The 'Zero by 25' initiative by International Society of Nephrology aims at preventing all avoidable deaths from AKI worldwide by the year 2025. It calls for greater awareness about management of AKI among primary care physicians. In last few years, various concepts have emerged regarding prevention and management of AKI. This review aims at consolidating and applying these concepts to the '5R approach' for management of AKI introduced by Lewington.