JOURNAL ARTICLE
RESEARCH SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, NON-P.H.S.
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Catalytic Dehydrogenative C-C Coupling by a Pincer-Ligated Iridium Complex.

The pincer-iridium fragment (iPr PCP)Ir (R PCP = κ3 -2,6-C6 H3 (CH2 PR2 )2 ) has been found to catalyze the dehydrogenative coupling of vinyl arenes to afford predominantly (E,E)-1,4-diaryl-1,3-butadienes. The eliminated hydrogen can undergo addition to another molecule of vinyl arene, resulting in an overall disproportionation reaction with 1 equiv of ethyl arene formed for each equivalent of diarylbutadiene produced. Alternatively, sacrificial hydrogen acceptors (e.g., tert-butylethylene) can be added to the solution for this purpose. Diarylbutadienes are isolated in moderate to good yields, up to ca. 90% based on the disproportionation reaction. The results of DFT calculations and experiments with substituted styrenes indicate that the coupling proceeds via double C-H addition of a styrene molecule, at β-vinyl and ortho-aryl positions, to give an iridium(III) metalloindene intermediate; this intermediate then adds a β-vinyl C-H bond of a second styrene molecule before reductively eliminating product. Several metalloindene complexes have been isolated and crystallographically characterized. In accord with the proposed mechanism, substitution at the ortho-aryl positions of the styrene precludes dehydrogenative homocoupling. In the case of 2,4,6-trimethylstyrene, dehydrogenative coupling of β-vinyl and ortho-methyl C-H bonds affords dimethylindene, demonstrating that the dehydrogenative coupling is not limited to C(sp2 )-H bonds.

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