Severe hypoglycaemia among patients with type 2 diabetes requiring emergency hospital admission: The Hypoglycaemia In Portugal Observational Study-Emergency Room (HIPOS-ER).

AIMS: To analyse the prevalence of severe hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) treated with antihyperglycaemic agents (AHA) and requiring emergency room (ER) assistance, and to analyse the prevalence according to type of AHA therapy.

METHODS: The present study, the Hypoglycaemia In Portugal Observational Study-Emergency Room (HIPOS-ER), was a cross-sectional, observational, multicentre, nationwide study, with specific hypoglycaemia source data collection.

RESULTS: Within the study period, a total of 425 706 admissions were recorded in the ERs of participating hospitals. The prevalence of severe hypoglycaemic episodes in patients with T2DM was 0.074%. In all, 238 patients were included, more than half of whom were on insulin-based therapy (55.0%) and a third of whom (31.5%) were on oral secretagogue-based therapy. In 61.2% of patients primary care was the main diabetes care setting. The median patient age was 77.5 years and the mean duration of diabetes was 19 years. Missing a meal or low carbohydrate meal content was the most frequent cause of hypoglycaemia (55.9%) and the most frequent triggers for seeking emergency assistance were pre-syncope (19.2%) and transient loss of consciousness (17.4%). A total of 44.1% of patients were hospitalized for a median of 5.1 days. Patients in the secretagogue group were admitted to hospital more often than patients in the insulin group (70.7% vs 29.0%; P < .001). Nine patients died.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings confirm that severe hypoglycaemia in patients with T2DM requiring ER assistance occurs mainly in those on insulin- and secretagogue-based therapies and is associated with a significant medical burden. Antidiabetic therapy should be individualized to minimize the risk of severe iatrogenic hypoglycaemia, and any intervention to this end should always involve primary care stakeholders.