Diagnosis and Prognosis of Common Disorders Involving the Proximal Limb.

Claw diseases are the principal cause of lameness in cattle. They can be easily diagnosed by examining the feet while the animal is in the trimming chute. Lameness originating from the proximal limb is more challenging because it is less visible. The author describes a systematic approach to diagnose upper limb lameness. The most common causes of lameness are reviewed with special emphasis on physical examinations and appropriate diagnostic tools.