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Development and validation of the Pachinko/Pachi-Slot Playing Ambivalence Scale.
BACKGROUND: A scale aimed at measuring ambivalence among people with pachinko/pachi-slot playing disorder, the Pachinko/Pachi-Slot Playing Ambivalence Scale (PPAS), was developed and its reliability and validity ascertained.
METHODS: A total of 522 participants (average year: 48.0) who were residing in Tokyo Metropolitan Area, and had played pachinko within the previous year completed questions relating to demographics, four gambling-related scales (including South Oaks Gambling Screen) and two general ambivalence scales (including Ambivalence over Emotional Expressiveness Questionnaire).
RESULTS: Internal consistency (α = 0.87) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.66) were confirmed. The PPAS's score was associated with each related scale's score (r = 0.37-0.62).
CONCLUSIONS: The PPAS was shown to be consistent with previous scales and useful in clinical settings.
METHODS: A total of 522 participants (average year: 48.0) who were residing in Tokyo Metropolitan Area, and had played pachinko within the previous year completed questions relating to demographics, four gambling-related scales (including South Oaks Gambling Screen) and two general ambivalence scales (including Ambivalence over Emotional Expressiveness Questionnaire).
RESULTS: Internal consistency (α = 0.87) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.66) were confirmed. The PPAS's score was associated with each related scale's score (r = 0.37-0.62).
CONCLUSIONS: The PPAS was shown to be consistent with previous scales and useful in clinical settings.
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