Functional electrical stimulation improves muscle strength and endurance in patients after cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has shown benefits in patients with chronic heart failure. Therefore, it is possible that FES can benefit patients similarly after cardiac surgery.

OBJECTIVE: This randomized placebo-controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effects of FES on lower limb functional capacity, strength, endurance, and muscle mass after discharge from cardiac surgery.

METHODS: Twenty patients were allocated (1:1) to the group receiving FES to the quadriceps (FESG) or FES placebo (FESPG). FES was applied at a frequency of 15Hz, with 0.5ms pulse width, 5s contraction time, and 10s resting time, twice a week for 40min over a period of eight weeks. Functional capacity was assessed using the six-minute walk test (6MWT), lower limb muscle strength using the one repetition maximum test (1RM), endurance using the sit-and-stand test (SST), and muscle using the perimeter of the thighs.

RESULTS: Both groups increased the distance covered in the 6MWT (FESG: 49.6m, 95% CI 15.9-83.3; FESPG: 41.5m, 95% CI 7.8-75.2), but without a difference between groups. There were significant between-group differences for quadriceps muscle strength (7.2kg, 95% CI 0.2-14.2) and muscle endurance (2.2 repetitions, 95% CI 1.0-3.4) in favor of the FESG.

CONCLUSION: FES improves lower limb muscle strength and endurance in patients after cardiac surgery. Larger trials are needed to confirm our findings.