Treatment Outcomes of Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Ethmoid Sinus Treated with Anterior Craniofacial Resection or Chemoradiotherapy.

We retrospectively analyzed 14 patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of ethmoid sinus (LASCC-ES) for the feasibility of anterior craniofacial resection (ACFR). Ethmoid cancer treatment comprised alternating chemoradiotherapy (ALCRT; n = 1), concomitant radiotherapy and intra-arterial cisplatin (RADPLAT; n = 4) and ACFR (n = 9). The 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of patients were 47.6 and 39.6%, respectively. The 3-year local control (LC) rates of chemoradiotherapy (CRT; ALCRT and RADPLAT) (n = 5) and ACFR (n = 9) groups were 0 and 66.7% (p = 0.012), respectively. The 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate of the CRT and ACFR groups were 0 and 55.6% (p = 0.018), respectively. The 3-year OS rate of the CRT and ACFR groups were 0 and 76.2% (p = 0.005), respectively. Postoperative pathological examinations confirmed positive margins in 3 (33%) of 9 cases. The 3-year LC and PFS rates of cases (n = 3) with positive surgical margins were significantly poorer than those of cases (n = 6) with negative surgical margins. Although ACFR for LASCC-ES is a feasible treatment, cases with positive surgical margins were more prone to local relapse. Therefore, surgical safety margins should be thoroughly assessed.