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The Outcome of Extracorporeal Life Support After General Thoracic Surgery: Timing of Application.

BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is widely used in refractory cardiac or pulmonary failure. Because complications of general thoracic surgery frequently involve the heart or lungs, ECLS can be a useful option. Therefore, we retrospectively reviewed our experience with ECLS after general thoracic surgery.

METHODS: There were 17,185 adult general thoracic surgery procedures between 2005 and 2013 at our institution, including resection of the lung (n = 10,434; 60.7%), esophagus (n = 1,847; 0.7%), and other procedures (n = 4,904; 28.5%). Twenty-nine patients (0.2%) were supported by ECLS postoperatively.

RESULTS: The median age was 64 years (range, 24 to 81). Primary operations were lobectomy (n = 13; 44.8%), pneumonectomy (n = 11; 37.9%), and bilobectomy (n = 5; 17.2%). The initial mode of ECLS was venovenous in 20 patients (69.0%) and venoarterial in 9 patients (31.0%). There were 10 patients (34.5%) who survived to decannulation and 7 patients (24.1%) who survived to discharge. Over the same period, the survival to decannulation rate and survival to discharge rate were 49.5% and 35.0%, respectively, among all ECLS patients (n = 759) at our institution. The hospital mortality of patients with surgery to ECLS time of longer than 2 days was 90.9%. Multivariate analysis revealed that a longer surgery to ECLS time was a risk factor for hospital mortality (odds ratio 1.720, 95% confidence interval: 1.039 to 2.849, p = 0.035).

CONCLUSIONS: ECLS after general thoracic surgery can be a viable rescue therapy option. Late presentation of complications or ECLS for late complications of general thoracic surgery may be predictors of death.

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