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Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: experience in 18 patients during the last 12 years.

OBJECTIVE:: To characterize clinically all of the patients with spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) admitted to an adult pulmonology ward in Lisbon, Portugal.

METHODS:: This was a retrospective descriptive study of all adult patients (≥ 18 years of age) diagnosed with SPM between January of 2004 and September of 2015.

RESULTS:: At least one predisposing factor was identified in most (88.9%) of the 18 patients who presented with SPM during the study period. With regard to precipitating factors, bouts of cough were present in 50.0% of the patients. Other precipitating factors included a sudden increase in tobacco consumption, inhaled drug use, occupational inhalation of varnish fumes, intense exercise, and vomiting. The most common complaints were dyspnea (in 83.3%) and chest pain (in 77.8%). Other complaints included cough, neck pain, dysphagia, and odynophagia. Subcutaneous emphysema was found in most of the patients. The diagnosis of SPM was based on chest X-ray findings in 61.1% of the patients.

CONCLUSIONS:: Although SPM is a rare condition, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chest pain and dyspnea. It can develop without a triggering event or conclusive findings on a chest X-ray, which is usually sufficient for diagnosis.

OBJETIVO:: Caracterizar clinicamente todos os pacientes com pneumomediastino espontâneo (PME) admitidos em uma enfermaria de pneumologia para adultos em Lisboa, Portugal.

MÉTODOS:: Estudo descritivo retrospectivo no qual foram analisados todos os pacientes adultos (≥ 18 anos de idade) com diagnóstico de PME entre janeiro de 2004 e setembro de 2015.

RESULTADOS:: Pelo menos um fator predisponente foi identificado na maioria (isto é, em 88,9%) dos 18 pacientes que apresentaram PME durante o período de estudo. No tocante a fatores precipitantes, crises de tosse ocorreram em 50,0% dos pacientes. Outros fatores precipitantes foram um aumento repentino do consumo de tabaco, uso de drogas inalatórias, inalação ocupacional de vapores de vernizes, exercício intenso e vômitos. As queixas mais comuns foram dispneia (em 83,3%) e dor torácica (em 77,8%). Outras queixas foram tosse, cervicalgia, disfagia e odinofagia. Constatou-se a presença de enfisema subcutâneo na maioria dos pacientes. O diagnóstico de PME baseou-se na radiografia de tórax em 61,1% dos pacientes.

CONCLUSÕES:: Embora seja uma doença rara, o PME deve ser levado em conta no diagnóstico diferencial de dor torácica e dispneia. O PME pode surgir sem um evento desencadeante e sem achados conclusivos na radiografia de tórax, que é geralmente suficiente para o diagnóstico.

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