An update on myofibromas and myofibromatosis affecting the oral regions with report of 24 new cases.

OBJECTIVES: Myofibromas are uncommon soft tissue tumors exhibiting considerable histopathologic overlap with other benign and malignant entities. The treatment of lesions arising in the oral cavity is controversial. Here, we present 24 new cases and review the literature.

STUDY DESIGN: A search for oral myofibromas was performed within the archives of the University of Florida Oral Pathology and Surgical Pathology Services (1994-2015). Demographic information and immunohistochemical results were recorded. MEDLINE and Web of Science were searched for reports of myofibroma of the oral cavity and oropharynx published in the English-language literature between January 1990 and July 2016, and the results were analyzed.

RESULTS: In total, 245 cases were identified: 24 from our present series and 221 from the literature. The distribution by gender was 54.6% male and 45.4% female, and the mean age was 23.1 years. Only 7 patients had known multiple lesions. Treatment modalities varied greatly. Of those with follow-up information, only 9 were cases with recurrences.

CONCLUSIONS: Myofibromas may resemble several other entities. Because of the potential for multiple (perhaps visceral) lesions and the possibility of overtreatment, accurate diagnosis is of utmost importance. Reports of cases with minimally invasive treatment are sparse, and no standardized treatment protocol has been established. This information should be a priority for future publications.