The Expanded Red/Green Cyanobacteriochrome Lineage: An Evolutionary Hot Spot.

This article highlights the paper by Rockwell et al. in the current issue of Photochemistry and Photobiology. Rockwell et al. describe the discovery of novel two-Cys photocycles within the "expanded red/green" (XRG) cyanobacteriochrome (CBCR) lineage. Comprehensive phylogenetic analysis revealed that several XRG CBCRs possess a second Cys residue in the DXCF (Asp-Xaa-Cys-Phe) motif conserved among the DXCF CBCR lineage. Spectral studies identified that these CBCRs showed green/blue or ultraviolet/blue reversible photoconversion abilities. The green/blue reversible photocycle had not been reported previously among the XRG CBCR lineage. Based on these findings, Rockwell et al. replaced three amino acid residues in a red/green reversible CBCR, NpR6012g4, and succeeded in constructing a violet/green reversible photocycle. These findings, together with previous studies, provide a good explanation for the evolutionary flexibility of the XRG CBCRs.