Molecular protocol for authentication of snappers (Lutjanidae-Perciformes) based on multiplex PCR.

Fraud involving fish products is regularly reported and investigated using genetic methods. However, no such approach has been applied to snappers, despite the commercial relevance of these fish. This study proposes an authentication protocol with multiplex PCR for three species of snappers (Lutjanus purpureus, L. synagris, and Ocyurus chrysurus). The protocol yielded a distinct triple-banding pattern for L. purpureus, whereas L. synagris and O. chrysurus showed a double banding pattern of different sizes, thereby allowing differentiation of the three species. The protocol was validated using fillets labeled as snapper or "Pargo" in Brazil, previously identified using DNA sequencing, amongst which substitution with Rhomboplites aurorubens was detected. When subjected to the new protocol, banding characteristic of L. purpureus were detected whilst R. aurorubens generated only the control band. Our study provides a practical tool for investigating substitutions and might assist in quality control and increase food safety for consumers.