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Depression and anxiety in a case series of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: frequency and association with clinical features.

Objective: To investigate the frequency of anxiety and depression and their association with clinical features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study including a consecutive series of patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis according to Awaji's criteria. Patients underwent clinical and psychiatric assessment (anxiety and depression symptoms).

Results: We included 76 patients. The men/women ratio was 1.6:1. Participants' mean age at disease onset was 55 years (SD±12.1). Sixty-six patients (86.8%) were able to complete psychiatric evaluation. Clinically significant anxiety was found in 23 patients (34.8%) while clinically significant depression was found in 24 patients (36.4%). When we compared patients with and without depression a significant difference was seen only in the frequency of anxiety symptoms (p<0.001). We did further analysis comparing subgroups of patients classified according to the presence or not of anxiety and or depression, without any significant difference regarding sex, age at onset, initial form, disease duration or functional measures. A positive correlation between anxiety and depressive symptoms was found (p<0.001).

Conclusion: Anxiety and depressive symptoms were highly correlated and frequent in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In addition, anxiety and depression were not associated with disease duration and presentation, sex, age at onset, and functional score.

Objetivo: Investigar a frequência de ansiedade e depressão e sua associação com aspectos clínicos da esclerose lateral amiotrófica.

Métodos: Estudo transversal e descritivo de uma série consecutiva de pacientes com esclerose lateral amiotrófica esporádica conforme os critérios de Awaji. Os pacientes foram submetidos à avaliação clínica e psiquiátrica (sintomas depressivos e ansiosos).

Resultados: Foram incluídos 76 pacientes. A relação homem/mulher foi de 1,6:1. A média de idade de início dos sintomas foi de 55 anos (DP±12,1). Foram capazes de completar a avaliação psiquiátrica 66 (86,8%) pacientes. Ansiedade clinicamente significativa foi encontrada em 23 pacientes (34,8%), enquanto depressão clinicamente significativa foi encontrada em 24 pacientes (36,4%). Ao comparar os pacientes com e sem depressão, houve diferença significativa apenas na frequência de sintomas de ansiedade (p<0,001). Posteriormente, foram comparados subgrupos de pacientes categorizados em relação à presença ou não de ansiedade e/ou depressão, sem diferença significativa em relação a sexo, idade de início dos sintomas, forma inicial, duração da doença ou na escala funcional. Foi encontrada correlação positiva entre os sintomas de ansiedade e depressão (p<0,001).

Conclusão: Sintomas de ansiedade e depressão são frequentes em pacientes com esclerose lateral amiotrófica e estiveram altamente correlacionados. Ansiedade e depressão não foram associadas com duração da doença, forma inicial, sexo, idade de início dos sintomas e pontuação na escala funcional.

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