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Control of potassium homeostasis is an essential function of the second messenger cyclic di-AMP in Bacillus subtilis.

Science Signaling 2017 April 19
The second messenger cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is essential in the Gram-positive model organism Bacillus subtilis and in related pathogenic bacteria. It controls the activity of the conserved ydaO riboswitch and of several proteins involved in potassium (K(+)) uptake. We found that the YdaO protein was conserved among several different bacteria and provide evidence that YdaO functions as a K(+) transporter. Thus, we renamed the gene and protein KimA (K(+) importer A). Reporter activity assays indicated that expression beyond the c-di-AMP-responsive riboswitch of the kimA upstream regulatory region occurred only in bacteria grown in medium containing low K(+) concentrations. Furthermore, mass spectrometry analysis indicated that c-di-AMP accumulated in bacteria grown in the presence of high K(+) concentrations but not in low concentrations. A bacterial strain lacking all genes encoding c-di-AMP-synthesizing enzymes was viable when grown in medium containing low K(+) concentrations, but not at higher K(+) concentrations unless it acquired suppressor mutations in the gene encoding the cation exporter NhaK. Thus, our results indicated that the control of potassium homeostasis is an essential function of c-di-AMP.

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