[The endemic distribution and related factors of elevated blood pressure among Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in 2014].

Objective: To investigate the endemic distribution and related factors of elevated blood pressure in Chinese children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years old. Methods: A total of 214 354 students aged 7 to 18 years old with data integrity of height, weight, and blood pressure were selected from Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health in 2014, including 31 provinces (with the exception of Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) in China. The criterion of elevated blood pressure was defined by the diagnosis and treatment guideline of high blood pressure in US children and adolescent. The differences of elevated blood pressure between boys and girls and different groups of nutritional status were calculated by Chi-square test. Results: The mean values of systolic pressure and diastolic pressure were (104.8 ± 12.8) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), and (65.4 ± 9.7) mmHg, respectively. The rate of elevated blood pressure in Chinese children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years old was 6.4% (13 558/214 354), as well as 7.0% (7 537/106 982) in boys, and 5.7% (6 131/106 979) in girls (P<0.001). Meanwhile, the rate of elevated blood pressure was 3.2% (321/10 127), 4.9% (7 887/161 419), 9.8% (2 472/25 292), and 17.5% (2 988/17 051) in wasting group, normal group, overweight group and obesity group, respectively, which indicated a rising trend from wasting to obesity among four nutritional status groups(P<0.001). Conclusion: The rate of elevated blood pressure in Chinese boys was higher than girls, especially in overweight and obese students. Therefore, the effective intervention on child and adolescent with overweight or obesity will become the key work on the prevention of high blood pressure in the future.