Behaviour of 137 Cs in forest humus detected across the territory of the Czech Republic.

The activity concentration of137 Cs in samples of coniferous forest humus collected across the territory of the Czech Republic in 1995 and 2005 was analysed, and it was found significantly correlated with the surface deposition caused by the Chernobyl accident. The effective (12.8 y) and environmental (22.3 y) half-lives of radiocaesium in humus were calculated and compared with those in spruce bark. The impact of important forest stand factors, that is, precipitation, content of organic matter, age of trees and pH, on the behaviour of137 Cs in humus was studied. It was observed that humus samples with a higher proportion of organic matter, higher pH(H2O) and pH(CaCl2) contained higher amounts of137 Cs. Conversely, with the age of trees, the activity concentration of137 Cs in humus is decreasing. Higher precipitation and humus acidity decrease the reduction rate of the137 Cs in humus. These stand factors increase bioavailability of137 Cs in humus. The transfer and retention of available137 Cs in biomass of organisms living in humus for a long time can satisfactorily explain the longer residence time of137 Cs in humus affected by the studied factors.