Energy Storage during Compression of Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Practical applications of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials require an in-depth understanding of their mechanical properties. We have investigated the mechanical properties and energy absorption behavior of single crystals of four isostructural UiO-type MOFs under uniaxial compression. In situ nanocompression experiments were used to measure the mechanical behavior of individual MOF nanocrystals under compression within a transmission electron microscope. The plasticity and endothermicity during deformation of MOFs shows a surprising potential for absorption and dissipation of mechanical shock. At compressive stress below 2 GPa, relatively small amounts of energy (<0.3 kJ/g) are absorbed by the compression of these MOFs. As the stress was increased, however, the energy absorption was significantly enhanced. Above 2 GPa, the energy absorption typically reaches 3-4 kJ/g; for comparison, the energy release in the explosion of TNT is ∼4 kJ/g. Gram for gram, MOFs can absorb as much energy as a high explosive can release.