Local renin-angiotensin system regulates the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into insulin-producing cells through angiotensin type 2 receptor.

Differentiation of stem cells into insulin-producing cells (IPCs) suitable for therapeutic transplantation offers a desperately needed approach for the diabetic patients. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms during the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into IPCs assists the successful production of IPCs and provides an important insight into the improvement of the role of MSCs as a therapeutic tool for diabetes mellitus (DM). The present study aimed to investigate the role of local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) on MSCs differentiation into IPCs by measuring the expression of local RAS in MSCs during the differentiation into IPCs and assessing the effect of angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1 R) blocker and angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2 R) blocker on the differentiation process. Our data showed that the differentiation of MSCs into IPCs was associated with an increase in cellular angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), renin, and AT2 R expression and undetectable expression of AT1 R. The net effect was an increase in cellular angiotensin II (Ang II) during the differentiation process. AT1 R blockade allowed the differentiation of MSCs into IPCs, whereas AT2 R blockade alone and blockade of both AT1 R and AT2 R inhibited the differentiation of MSCs into IPCs. Our data demonstrated an important role of local RAS in the regulation of MSCs differentiation into IPCs and that Ang II mainly orchestrates this role through AT2 R activation.