Recent Advances in Non-invasive Esophageal Tissue Sampling.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The costs to society and accuracy of screening for esophageal cancer and other esophageal diseases with standard endoscopy are formidable. As a result, the applicability of endoscopy as a general screening tool has been challenged.

RECENT FINDINGS: To maintain accuracy but reduce the price of endoscopy on society, multiple adjunct or replacement technologies are being developed that are less expensive and more easily applied. These devices include image-enhancing techniques that more reliably identify dysplasia and cancer reducing the need for extensive biopsy sampling during standard endoscopy. They also include ambulatory forms for procuring esophageal imaging including smaller endoscopes and capsule endoscopy. Finally, some of the newer methods either obtain samples of esophageal tissue through bedside maneuvers not requiring endoscopy or retrieve information about mucosal inflammation and function without the need to procure esophageal tissue. There is an exciting future for esophageal diagnosis with tools that will save cost and/or provide greater accuracy and safety for some of the most common esophageal disorders.