Analysis of a Surgical Treatment for Persistent Urorectal Fistulas after Radical Cancer Surgery: A Comparison of Prostate Cancer and Rectal Cancer.

INTRODUCTION: The study aimed to present our experience of surgical treatment for urorectal fistulas (URF) that develop after cancer surgery.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen patients with URF who were treated at our institution from 2005 through 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Among these, 7 patients had previous surgical treatment of prostate cancer (PC) and the other 7 had been treated for rectal cancer (RC). The fistula was resected through a perineal incision, and the urinary and fecal defects were separately closed with the hinge flap method followed by interposition of a muscle flap transfer.

RESULTS: The overall fistula closure rate was 79%. Although the closure rate of the URF was lower in patients with previous RC surgery compared to the PC patients (57 vs. 100%), it did not reach statistical significance.

CONCLUSIONS: URF treatment using an interposition muscle flap offers a high success rate of fistula closure. However, complicated fistulas occurring after RC surgery involving the prostate or the seminal vesicle might be difficult to repair by this surgery alone.