P-channel thin film transistors using reduced graphene oxide.

Chemically reduced graphene oxide (rGO) samples with various degrees of reduction were prepared using hydrazine hydrate as the reducing agent. Scanning tunnelling microscope imaging shows that rGO contains rows of randomly distributed patches of epoxy groups. The local density of states of the rGO samples were mapped with scanning tunnelling spectroscopy, which shows that the bandgap in rGO originates from the epoxide regions itself. The Fermi level of the epoxide regions is shifted towards the valence band, making rGO locally p-type and a range of bandgaps from 0-2.2 eV was observed in these regions. Thin film transistors were fabricated using rGO as the channel layer. The devices show excellent output characteristics with clear saturation and gate dependence. The transfer characteristics show that rGO behaves as a p-type semiconductor; the devices exhibit an on/off ratio of 104 , with a low-bias hole mobility of 3.9 cm2 V-1 s-1 .