V-ELMpiRNAPred: Identification of human piRNAs by the voting-based extreme learning machine (V-ELM) with a new hybrid feature.

Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) were recently discovered as endogenous small noncoding RNAs. Some recent research suggests that piRNAs may play an important role in cancer. So the precise identification of human piRNAs is a significant work. In this paper, we introduce a series of new features with 80 dimension called short sequence motifs (SSM). A hybrid feature vector with 1444 dimension can be formed by combining 1364 features of [Formula: see text]-mer strings and 80 features of SSM features. We optimize the 1444 dimension features using the feature score criterion (FSC) and list them in descending order according to the scores. The first 462 are selected as the input feature vector in the classifier. Moreover, eight of 80 SSM features appear in the top 20. This indicates that these eight SSM features play an important part in the identification of piRNAs. Since five of the above eight SSM features are associated with nucleotide A and G ('A*G', 'A**G', 'A***G', 'A****G', 'A*****G'). So, we guess there may exist some biological significance. We also use a neural network algorithm called voting-based extreme learning machine (V-ELM) to identify real piRNAs. The Specificity (Sp) and Sensitivity (Sn) of our method are 95.48% and 94.61%, respectively in human species. This result shows that our method is more effective compared with those of the piRPred, piRNApredictor, Asym-Pibomd, Piano and McRUMs. The web service of V-ELMpiRNAPred is available for free at https://mm20132014.wicp.net:38601/velmprepiRNA/Main.jsp .