Application of capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C(4) D): An update.

Capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C(4) D) has appeared as a powerful technique for the detection of compounds lacking chromogenic or fluorogenic group. Since our last review (Biomedical Chromatography 2014; 28: 1502-1506) several new capillary electrophoresis (CE)-C(4) D methods have been reported. This review provides an update of the most recent utilization of CE-C(4) D in the field of pharmaceutical, biomedical and food analysis covering the period from February 2014 to October 2016. The use of CE with C(4) D in the pharmaceutical field has been shown in many papers. Examples illustrate the applicability of CE-C(4) D in the fields of pharmaceutical, biomedical and food analysis. Finally, general conclusions and perspectives are provided.