Urologic injuries during gynecologic surgery, a 10-year review.

AIMS: The study was conducted to evaluate the incidence of urologic injuries during gynecologic surgery, study the management and outcome of such injuries, and identify risk factors that may be associated with urologic injuries.

METHODS: A case-control study was conducted in patients who underwent gynecologic surgery from 2005 to 2014 in the university hospital. The study cases referred to patients who had urologic injury during gynecologic surgery and the control cases referred to patients who had gynecologic surgery matching the same period, type of procedure, and etiological disease leading to surgery. The medical records were reviewed and analyzed. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to identify risk factors associated with urologic injury.

RESULTS: During the study period, there were 86 cases of urologic injuries from a total of 28 819 cases. The overall 10-year incidence was 0.30%. The incidence of bladder injury was 0.18%, (0.083% for ureteric and 0.014% for combined ureter and bladder injury). Among 80 cases with complete data, 52 (65%) had bladder injury and 48 (92.3%) were recognized the time of surgery and underwent primary repair with successful outcome, whereas 18 (75%) of 24 ureteric injury were detected intraoperatively. Previous pelvic surgery and the presence of adhesion were significant risk factors of urologic injury with OR 3.436, 95% CI 2.037-5.796 and OR 2.185, 95% CI 1.319-3.621, respectively.

CONCLUSION: Urinary bladder injury was the most common urinary tract injury during gynecologic surgery. Previous pelvic surgery and the presence of adhesion were significant risk factors.