Cellular plasticity in cardiovascular development and disease.

Knowledge on cellular differentiation pathways is critical to understanding organ development, homeostasis, and disease. Studying cell differentiation and cell fate restrictions in these contexts can be done through lineage tracing experiments, which entail permanent labeling of a cell and all its progeny. Recent lineage experiments within the cardiovascular system have uncovered unexpected findings on cellular origins during organogenesis and cell plasticity during disease. For example, there is increasing evidence that multiple progenitor sources exist for a single cell type, and that cells have remarkable expansive capacities under disease settings. Here, we summarize some recent findings in the cardiovascular system and highlight where there is evidence that the underlying concepts are a widespread phenomenon used by other organ systems. Developmental Dynamics 246:328-335, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.